Sam Cooke: The First Black Artist to Own a Record Label – And the Mysterious Circumstances of His Death

Sam Cooke wasn’t just one of the most iconic voices of soul music — he was a visionary who sought more than just fame and fortune. He wanted freedom. He wanted ownership. And he became the first Black artist in American history to own both a record label and a publishing company — a move that would change the music industry forever, and possibly cost him his life.

At a time when most artists — especially Black musicians — had little to no control over their music, Sam Cooke took an unprecedented step. He founded SAR Records and Kags Music (his publishing company), giving himself and other artists the power to control their master recordings, publishing rights, and creative direction. This was a revolutionary act during an era when exploitation was rampant and ownership was reserved for powerful white executives.

Cooke’s decision to break free from the traditional label system wasn’t just bold — it was dangerous. His business acumen, combined with his rising success, made him a rare figure in the music industry: a Black man with influence, wealth, and autonomy.

But Cooke’s vision of independence came at a steep cost. Just before his tragic death in December 1964, he discovered that his manager, Allen Klein, had covertly transferred ownership of Tracey Limited — Cooke’s record label — into Klein’s own name. With no legal will in place, Klein was able to assume control of Sam Cooke’s entire music catalog, leaving Cooke’s family and estate with little.

It was a betrayal of the highest order. The man who was supposed to manage his career had, behind the scenes, seized the very thing Cooke had worked so hard to build — his legacy.

Sam Cooke was shot and killed at the Hacienda Motel in Los Angeles under circumstances that have remained controversial for decades. Official reports claimed it was a justifiable homicide — a confrontation with the motel manager that turned deadly. But many have questioned that narrative, pointing to inconsistencies, missing details, and the timing of it all.

Some believe Cooke’s death was not a random act of violence but a calculated removal of a man who had become too powerful. A Black entertainer with full control over his music and message was a threat to the status quo in 1960s America. Add in his involvement in the civil rights movement and his plans to use his wealth and platform for social change, and it becomes harder to ignore the deeper implications behind his untimely end.

Though his life was cut short, Sam Cooke’s legacy lives on — not just through timeless hits like “A Change Is Gonna Come” and “You Send Me,” but through his trailblazing moves in the business side of music. He paved the way for future generations of artists — from Prince to Jay-Z to Nipsey Hussle — to understand the value of ownership, control, and self-determination.

Today, as conversations around artist rights and music ownership continue to evolve, Sam Cooke’s story remains more relevant than ever. He was a man ahead of his time — a singer, a businessman, a revolutionary. And though he may have been silenced, his influence will never be erased.

Follow the legacy. Learn the truth. Respect the pioneer.